Functional Studies of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Site Located Downstream of the Transcriptional Start Site
نویسندگان
چکیده
Previous studies have identified a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) site located downstream of the transcriptional start site (DS3). The role of the DS3 element with respect to HIV-1 transactivation by Tat and viral replication has not been characterized. We have demonstrated that DS3 was a functional C/EBPβ binding site and mutation of this site to the C/EBP knockout DS3-9C variant showed lower HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) transactivation by C/EBPβ. However, it was able to exhibit similar or even higher transcription levels by Tat compared to the parental LTR. C/EBPβ and Tat together further enhanced the transcription level of the parental LAI-LTR and DS3-9C LTR, with higher levels in the DS3-9C LTR. HIV molecular clone viruses carrying the DS3-9C variant LTR demonstrated a decreased replication capacity and delayed rate of replication. These results suggest that DS3 plays a role in virus transcriptional initiation and provides new insight into C/EBP regulation of HIV-1.
منابع مشابه
CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Regulate HIV-1 LTR via a Novel Conserved Downstream Site in Cells of the Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage
Transcriptional control of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promoter, the long terminal repeat (LTR), is achieved by interactions with cis-acting elements present both upstream and downstream of the start site. In silico transcription factor binding analysis of the HIV-1 subtype B LTR sequences revealed a potential downstream CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding site. T...
متن کاملA natural CYP2B6 TATA box polymorphism (-82T--> C) leading to enhanced transcription and relocation of the transcriptional start site.
We investigated the impact of promoter polymorphisms on transcription of the human CYP2B6 gene. In total, 98 DNA samples from white persons from a previously characterized liver bank were sequenced throughout 2.3 kilobases of upstream sequence and haplotype structures were determined using additional coding sequence information. HepG2 cells and primary rat and human hepatocytes were transfected...
متن کاملDynamic CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-associated changes of DNA methylation in the angiotensinogen gene.
DNA methylation patterns are maintained in adult somatic cells. Recent findings, however, suggest that all methylation patterns are not preserved. We demonstrate that stimulatory signals can change the DNA methylation status at a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP) binding site and a transcription start site and activate expression of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT). A CEBP binding site in the...
متن کاملThe T alpha 2 nuclear protein binding site from the human T cell receptor alpha enhancer functions as both a T cell-specific transcriptional activator and repressor
T cell-specific expression of the human T cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha) gene is regulated by the interaction of variable region promoter elements with a transcriptional enhancer that is located 4.5 kb 3' of the TCR-alpha constant region (C alpha) gene segment. The minimal TCR-alpha enhancer is composed of two nuclear protein binding sites, T alpha 1 and T alpha 2, that are both required for t...
متن کاملAnalysis of a phenobarbital-responsive enhancer sequence located in the 5' flanking region of the chicken CYP2H1 gene: identification and characterization of functional protein-binding sites.
We previously identified in the chicken CYP2H1 gene an upstream enhancer domain (-5900/-1100) that responds to phenobarbital. Deletion and restriction enzyme analyses of this domain have now identified two separate enhancer regions that respond to phenobarbital (from -5900 to -4550 and from -1956 to -1400). We have focused here on the latter and in particular a resident 240-base pair (bp) restr...
متن کامل